<em>The transformation of the role of Human Resources (HR) to become the center of innovation has become the focus of attention in the Smart System era. In this context, this study aims to analyze the transformation of the role of HR into the center of innovation in organizations by applying the Activity Theory and Smart System approaches. The Activity Theory approach is used to understand the complex interactions between HR and the organizational context, while the Smart System is used to describe the use of intelligent technology to support these changes. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach involving case studies in two different organizations. Data analysis was conducted by using an inductive and thematic approach to identify the emerging patterns and findings, that the transformation of the role of HR into the center of innovation involves changes in tasks, responsibilities, and work activities. HR plays an active role in creating and driving innovation through participation in creative activities, cross-team collaboration and the use of smart technology. The Activity Theory approach helps to understand how the interactions between human resources, work tools, and organizational context influence each other in supporting innovation. In addition, the Smart System provides technology support that enables HR to access relevant information, speed up the decision-making process, and enhance collaboration. This research provides insight into the important role of HR in driving innovation in the Smart System era. The managerial implication of this research is the importance of HR capability development in dealing with the changing roles brought by the Smart System. Organizations need to provide appropriate training and support to develop HR skills of creativity, collaboration and smart technology use.</em>